Perhaps, also, it may help to strengthen the bonds of brotherly love, which unite all who hold sacred the ideals of brotherhood preached by the Prophet in his last Sermon. Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn - Wikipedia According to Madelung, after Hasan's peace with Mu'awiya, Husayn married Layla, from whom Ali al-Akbar was born. His existence itself was an offense in the eyes of his enemies. Later on when several Shia leaders suggested him to conduct a surprise attack on Mu'awiya's camp near Kufa, he refused, saying that as long as Mu'awiya was alive, he would abide by the terms of the peace treaty, however, after Mu'awiya's death, he will reconsider it. Instead of performing Hajj, he performed Umrah, and in the absence of the Governor of Mecca, Amr ibn Sa'id ibn As, who was performing Hajj on the outskirts of the city, secretly left the city with his companions and family. [20] We prepared this quick tour to help you get familiar with the new design so you find your way around the new site much quicker. Abdullah Yusuf Ali is a renowned English translator and commentator of the Holy Qur'an. It was then that they heard of the terrible murder of usayn's cousin Muslim, who had been sent on in advance. [227] Turkish Sufi Yunus Emre labels Husayn, along with his brother Hasan, as the "fountain head of the martyrs" and "Kings of the Paradise" in his songs. Revenge for usayns death was turned into a rallying cry that helped undermine the Umayyad caliphate and gave impetus to the rise of a powerful Shii movement. [10], Other verses that the Shiites attribute to Husayn include verse 6 of Surah Al-Ahzab and 28 of Surah Az-Zukhruf, which have been interpreted to mean the continuation of the Imamate from his generation. [192][193] Shi'i beliefs and symbols were instrumental in orchestrating and sustaining widespread popular resistance with Husayn's story providing a framework for labeling as evil and reacting against the Pahlavi Shah. Shallow critics scent political ambition in the Imam's act. In this regard, Karbala and Muharram rituals came to be a vehicle of Safavid propaganda and a means of consolidating the dynasty's Shi'a identity. [151] According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, it is seen by Shi'as the climax of suffering and oppression, revenge for which came to be one of the primary goals of many Shi'a uprisings. [11] On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 72 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. They were not caged creatures for the pleasures of the senses. But his family and his immediate dependants would not hear of it. [181] Riza Yildirim has claimed that the impetus of the Safvid revolution was the revenge of the death of Husayn. Thnk you Islamicity for posting this article. He had a fever and was dying of thirst. On the 8th day, the water supply was cut off. [18] He was the younger son of Ali, the cousin of Muhammad, and Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, both from the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. They were not cowards; they were soldiers born and bred, and they fought as heroes with devotion and with chivalry. Political supporters of Ali and his descendants (Alids). According to majority of narrations, Husayn was born on the 3rd of Sha'ban 4 AH (10 January 626 CE)[11] in Medina and was still a child when his grandfather, Muhammad, died. [153] Therefore, almost all Muslims consider Husayn honorable because he was the grandson of Muhammad and because of the belief that he sacrificed himself for an ideal. Children of Imam Hussain - Wikihussain The discipline and self-abnegation, the strong faith and earnest Endeavour, the freedom and sense of social equality which had been the motive forces of Islam, were divorced from power. This was followed by duels[62] in which several of Husayn's companions were slain. Husayn was unaware of the change of political circumstances in Kufa and decided to depart. A mad orgy of triumph was celebrated over his body. One of the main social messages of Imam Hussain AS was fighting against people's ignorance. A young boy from Husayn's camp escaped from the tents, ran to him, tried to defend him from a sword stroke and had his arm cut off. It is independent of man's cognition. [62] Husayn's speech moved Hurr to defect to his side. According to the Holy companion Ibn Abbas. They sought to silence him, but he could not be silenced. They asked him to lead them in revolt against Yazid, promising to remove the Umayyad governor if Husayn would consent to aid them. In remembrance of the martyrdom of usayn, Shii Muslims observe the first 10 days of Muarram (the date of the battle according to the Islamic calendar) as days of lamentation (see shr). [170] A similar view is held by Mahmoud Ayoub. Perhaps, also, it may help to strengthen the bonds of brotherly love, which unite all who hold sacred the ideals of brotherhood preached by the Prophet in his last Sermon. Imam Hussein did not bend in front of Yazeed and stood for his relgion. Oleg Grabar (ed.). After the assassination of Ali, he obeyed his brother in recognizing the HasanMuawiya treaty, despite it being suggested to do otherwise. Hasan | Biography, Facts, & Death | Britannica [11] Zayn al-Abidin's mother, on the other hand, was a slave probably from Sind named azla, Solfa, Salma, hzann, or Shahrbanu. He goes on to cite various narrations from Sunnis and Shiites that have clarified this issue. Discipline was relaxed, and governors aspired to be greater than the Khalifas. His father's memory was held in reverence in Kufa. [66], Since Umayyad forces could approach Husayn's army from the front only, Ibn Sa'd ordered the tents to be burned. That briefly is the story. Husayn's cavalry resisted fiercely and Ibn Sa'd brought in armoured cavalry and five hundred archers. Islamic New Year 2022: Date, History, Significance and All You - News18 He arrived at the house of his daughter, took the little baby in his arms, said the Azan and Iqamah in his ears. Behind the building of new cities, there is often the burgeoning of new ideas. Let us say at this time in history that the basis of these ancient divisions was the rejection of the call of Shaitan and clinging to the rope of Allah by those who wanted Jannah. He was, however, not seeking martyrdom and wanted to return when his expected support did not materialize. [53], According to Valiri, Hurr ordered his army to take Husayn and his companions to Ibn Ziad without fighting and intended to persuade Husayn to do so. [140] According to the Shia scholar, Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, the opinion of some commentators about the difference in taste between Hasan and Husayn is misplaced; Because despite not swearing allegiance to Yazid, Husayn, like his brother, spent ten years in Mu'awiya's rule and never opposed it. It so happened with usayn. [132], Husayn's first marriage was with Rubab. "[50], Then, Husayn, who had not yet received the letters of the new events of Kufa, prepared to leave for Kufa on the 8th or 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah 60 AH / 10 or 12 September 680 AD. [85] Mukhtar executed Kufans involved in the killing of Husayn, including Ibn Sa'd and Shemr, while thousands of people fled to Basra. The Battle of Karbala ( Arabic: ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I ( r. 680-683) and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at Karbala, Sawad (modern-day . So, whoever accepts this truth (and follows me) has accepted the way of God and whoever rejects (and does not follow me) I will walk (my way) with patience and perseverance so that God may be the judge between me and this nation and he is the best judge. Translated from Urdu by Amer Safir. God also informed the previous prophets about the killing of Husayn. The Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (A.S.) The month of Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar year. Battle of Karbala - Wikipedia After signing the peace treaty, Mu'awiyah delivered a sermon in Kufa in which he declared that he had violated all the provisions of the treaty and also insulted Ali ibn Abi Talib. Since few people from Husayn's camp survived, most eyewitnesses were from the second category. After the assassination of their father, Al, asan and usayn acquiesced to the rule of the first Umayyad caliph, Muwiyah, from whom they received pensions. Ab Abd Allh al-usayn ibn Al ibn Ab lib (Arabic: ; 10 January 626 10 October 680) was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatima, as well as a younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali. [218] It influenced similar works in Albanian on the subject. But there is greater suffering than physical suffering. [104][105] [115] Special gatherings (majalis; sing. Section 107, and such (and all) material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. He made a final plea to the army of Yazid, reminding them of his kinship with the Holy Prophet of Islam, the love and respect which the Holy Prophet had used to show him, and the numerous traditions in which . Martyrdom of Imam al-Hussain (R.A) - Ahlus Sunnah They made their veils into flags and marched in battle array. He lived in retirement, studying, interpreting, and teaching his father's high spiritual principles for the rest of his life. In this crisis, we have details of what took place hour by hour. Mecca, which was to have been a symbolical spiritual center, was neglected or dishonored. The news from Kufa showed that the situation there had completely changed from what Muslim had reported. In the present era, Azizullah Atardi has compiled the document of the Imam of the Martyr Abi Abdullah Al-Husayn Ibn Ali. A narration according to which Husayn was called by God to choose between sacrifice and Victory (with the help of an angel), gives even more value to his enterprise. Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. This article reflects the deep admiration towards Imam Husayn and an insight into the tragedy of Karbala, its reasons, and its consequences. From the parched desert sands, you come to fountains and vineyards, orchards, and the hum of traffic. [172], Others such as Wellhausen and Lammens, view his revolt as premature and ill-prepared,[173][174][17] while others like Heinz Halm see it as a struggle for political leadership among the second generation of Muslims. Imam Husayn (as): A brief Description and Analysis Nor was it content with the first steps it took. Husayn answered the summons but declined to pledge allegiance in the secretive environment of the meeting, suggesting it should be done in public. Dalip Frashri's Kopshti i te Mirevet is the earliest, and longest epic so far, written in the Albanian language; the Battle of Karbala is described in detail and Frashri eulogizes those who fell as martyrs, in particular Husayn. "The Cult of 'Alid Saints in the Fatimid Monuments of Cairo. Hasan and Husayn are different in this respect from their half brothers, such as Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. [53] If Ibn Sa'd was unwilling to carry out the attack, he was instructed to hand over command to Shemr. As a new convert it is very painful to hear of Muslims killing Muslims in Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan. [74] No one was compassionate towards the women and Ali Zayn al-Abidin,[71][75][76] One of his courtiers asked for the hand of a captive woman from Husayn's family in marriage, which resulted in heated altercation between Yazid and Zaynab. He was an ambassador not just for Muslims but for the whole of humanity. History of Imam usayn and His Martyrdom - IslamiCity He had friends everywhere, but they were afraid to speak out. [22] Ali interpreted the name "Karbala" as "Karb" and "bala" meaning "affliction" and "trial". [20] Other Hadiths of this kind are: "whoever loves them loves me and whoever hates them hates me", and "al-Hasan and al-Husayn are the sayyids [masters] of the youth of Paradise". It was a protest against these things. The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and brought it into motion. If you were in his day, would you join the Amir Al Mummineen or disobey his leadership to side with those in opposition to the Sunna as taught by the Prophet? He camped in the plain of Kerbela. Husayn's son Ali Akbar was killed; then Husayn's half-brothers, including Abbas,[67] and the sons of Aqil ibn Abi Talib, Jafar ibn Abi Talib and Hasan ibn Ali were slain. [citation needed] Many Sunni commentators have also stated that the people in it are Ali, Fatima, Hasan and Husayn. As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmitters, usually one or two intermediaries. Pomp and selfishness, ease and idleness and dissipation grew as a canker; wines and spirituous liquors, skepticism, cynicism, and social vices became so rampant that the protests of the men of God were drowned in mockery. Simple! Yes, al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed as a martyr. [48] Maria Dakake holds that Husayn considered the Umayyad rule oppressive and misguided, and revolted to reorient the Islamic community in the right direction. [10], Shi'a Muslims consider pilgrimages to Husayn's tomb to be a source of divine blessings and rewards. [82][83] Heinz Halm writes: "There was no religious aspect to Shi'ism prior to 680. He is the grandson of Prophet Muhammad and the son of Imam Ali andthe Prophets beloved daughter Fatima Zahra . [73] The heads and the family were then sent to Yazid,[71] who also poked Husayn's mouth with a stick. [156], The positive attitude of the Sunnis towards Husayn, according to Vaglieri, is most likely due to the sad narrations that Abu Mikhnaf has collected, some of which have been narrated directly or with short chains of transmitters, mostly from Kufis who regretted their actions towards Husayn. The human odds were in favor of Mecca. [144], In the explanation and interpretation of verse 23 of Surah ash-Shura, Tabatabai in Al-Mizan, while reporting and criticizing the various sayings of the commentators, has said that the meaning of "nearness" is the love of the Ahl al-Bayt of Muhammad; That is, Ali is Fatima, Hassan and Husayn. [21] Governors wanted to be kings. After noon prayers, Husayn's companions were encircled, and almost all of them were killed. Here, you will find quick shortcuts to major topics & hubs under IslamiCity. That, to my mind, is the supreme significance of martyrdom. Masha Allah the lecture was said to have been delivered by the late Abdullah Yusuf Ali the English Translator of the Quran in 1931 at Waldorf Hotel here in London. They sought to bribe him, but he could not be bribed. A history by the Syriac Christian scholar Theophilus of Edessa, who was chief astrologer in the Abbasid court between 775 and 785, is partially preserved in a number of extant Christian chronicles, including those by Michael the Syrian and the Byzantine historian Theophanes the Confessor. The following pages are based on a report of an address which I delivered in London at an Ashura Majlis on Thursday the 28th May 1931 (Muharram 1350 A.H.), at the Waldorf Hotel. Seyyed Mohammad Husayn Tabatabai in Tafsir al-Mizan said, the event of Mubahala tells the story of the confrontation between the Prophet of Islam and his family on the one hand and the Christians of Najran on the other. Husayn appointed Zuhayr ibn Qayn to command the right flank of his army, Habib ibn Muzahir to command the left flank, and his half-brother Abbas as the standard bearer. "[68] Ibn Sa'd wept but did nothing. In Mesopotamia, the Muslims did not base their power on old and effete Persian cities but built new outposts for themselves. Many of his friends in Mecca advised him against it. usayn, however, refused to recognize the legitimacy of Muwiyahs son and successor, Yazd (April 680). [11], Hasan and Husayn were the only male descendants of the Muhammad from whom the next generations were born. Values section on the other hand is very special. O Muhammad! We can best honor his memory by allowing it to teach us courage and constancy. But what was he to do? Click on these beautiful images & start exploring the theme/value behind it. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan :Yazd ibn Muwiya ibn Ab Sufyn [b] - 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second of the Umayyad Caliphate. [62] The account of Abbas' death is not given in the primary sources, al-Tabari and Baladhuri, but a prominent Shi'a theologian Shaykh Al-Mufid states in his account in Kitab al-Irshad that Abbas went to the river together with Husayn but became separated, was surrounded, and killed. [198] The Islamic republic that was established after the revolution has since promoted Muharram rituals. [9] I have a Holy Koran with his explanations - he spent most of his life in that endeavor, I am sure! Who is Hussain (RA) ? - 20 Facts You Need To know - The Islamic Information [182] The founder of the dynasty, Shah Ismail, considered himself to be the Mahdi (the twelfth Shi'a Imam) or his forerunner. [48] According to Howard, some traditional sources have a tendency to exonerate Yazid at the cost of Ibn Ziyad and lower authorities. The only person that you follow in toto without complain is the Prophet (SAW) any other creation his fatwa is subject to scrutiny, if it falls along the prophet tradition then we follow if it deviate we leave that individual with his load and pray forgiveness for him from Allah. He destroyed the old paganism and lighted a new beacon in Mecca - the beacon of Arab unity and human brotherhood. [113], The soil of Karbala, is considered to have miraculous healing effects. [11] Before his death in April 680, Mu'awiya cautioned Yazid that Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr might challenge his rule and instructed him to defeat them if they did. As a result of Ibn Ziyad's suppression and political maneuvering, Ibn Aqil's following began to dissipate and he was forced to declare the revolt prematurely. I propose first to give you an idea of the geographical setting and the historical background. As a consequence, he left Medina, his hometown, to take refuge in Mecca in AH 60 (679 CE). Ibn Sa'd cursed Shemr and accused him of foiling his attempts to reach a peaceful settlement but agreed to carry out the orders. It is also narrated that Uthman's cousin, Marwan ibn Hakam, have said Husayn: "Leave us, your father incites the people against us, and you are here with us! We all saw what Israel did to Lebanon with the US and UK openly aiding and abetting in this crime and destruction. He informed his followers of the situation and asked them to leave. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "Thou camest to the world to unite, not to divide.". On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate. Part I: The Mosque of al-Aqmar". The clash between them was part of the tragedy of Kerbela. He died in 1952 in England. Shemr, who commanded the left wing of the Umayyad army, launched an attack, but after losses on both sides he was repulsed. After Husayn's death, Rubab spent a year in grief at his grave and refused to marry again. This included two of Husayn's sons, six of his paternal brothers, three sons of Hasan ibn Ali, three sons of Jafar ibn Abi Talib and three sons and three grandsons of Aqil ibn Abi Talib. One of Husayn's companions suggested that they attack Hurr and move to the fortified village of al-Aqr. We have brought the story down to the 60th year of the Hijra. Husayn refused to return, relating that Muhammad had ordered him in a dream to move forward irrespective of the consequences. O Allah, pour curses upon all of them.". In Sunni sources, only the aspect of the narration of his hadith has been considered in these hadiths. The final crisis was on the 10th day, the Ashura day, which we are commemorating. Including senior companions like Abdullah bin Abbas, Jabir ibn Abdullah and Saeed al Khudri. Similarly, Husayn's mother Fatima is believed to be weeping for him in paradise and the weeping of believers is considered to be a way of sharing her sorrows. is used by the Shi'a as a mantra to live their lives as Husayn did on Ashura, i.e. He suggested to Husayn to neither go to Kufa nor to Medina, rather write a letter to Yazid or Ibn Ziad and wait for their orders, hoping to avoid this difficult situation by receiving an answer. There are also prayers left by Husayn Ibn Ali which have been published in the form of collections entitled Al-Sahifa Al-Husayn or prays of Imam Al-Husayn. [10] In many narrations, the resemblance of Husayn and his brother to Muhammad is mentioned, and each of them is likened to half of their grandfather's behavior. Ali al-Akbar was born from Layla, the daughter of Abi Murrah al-Thaqafi, who was an ally of the Umayyads. The battle was followed by the Second Fitna, during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the martyred of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The political assessments made it clear to Husayn that going to Kufa was no longer apt.[55]. Thirst had exhausted the face of al-Husayn's daughter. These are offered as a means for IslamiCity to stimulate dialogue and discussion in our continuing mission of being an educational organization. 7, September 1931. Science section features not just Science but also Nature and Technology. The Umayyad army was routed at the Battle of Khazir in August 686 and Ibn Ziyad was slain. [18] According to a report by Tabari, Husayn was among Ali's major supporters who were cursed in public by the order of Mu'awiya. Abstract truth can never die. ; RCEA,7:26063. He reconstituted it, and it became the new City of Light. The throne at Damascus had become a worldly throne based on the most selfish ideas of personal and family aggrandizement, instead of a spiritual office, with a sense of God-given responsibility. They felt that old seats were like dead wood breeding worms and rottenness that were a danger to higher forms of life. Thus, the sermon of Husayn ibn Ali, after public allegiance to Ali ibn Abi Talib and others, is his sermon in the battle of Safin. He wanted no political power and no revenge. The Story of Imam Husayn (A) | Al-Islam.org Imam Hussain (ra) and the Tragedy of Karbala [68], During the Battle of Karbala the Umayyad soldiers hesitated to initiate a direct attack on Husayn; however, he was struck in the mouth by an arrow as he went to the river to drink. This was the city of Kufa, built in the same year as Basra, but in a more bracing climate. [118] After taking over Iran in 1501, Safavids, who were previously a Sufi order, declared the state religion to be Twelver Shi'ism. It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. Ali proposed her marriage with Husayn, but since Husayn and Imra al-Qais's daughter were too young at the time, the actual marriage took place later. Although Tabari and other early sources contain some miraculous stories,[99] these sources are mainly historical and rational in nature,[104] in contrast to the literature of later periods, which is mainly hagiographical in nature. After receiving some favourable indications, usayn set out for Kfah with a small band of relatives and followers. The slain of Karbala will enter Paradise without any reckoning. [31], Husayn was known for his generosity in Medina, and he freed his slaves and maids if they saw any good behavior. The Muslim community, during the month of Muharram, mourns the death of Imam Hussain. [153], He is thus remembered as the prince of martyrs (Sayyed al-Shuhada). Majiyid if i spell ur name correctly prophet(SAW) during his life time taught us(muslim umma) to observe fasting of 10 and 9 of Muharram and later after his life a tragedy of karbalah occured so do we now have to come up with our hell innovative thinking to subject and forgone the real teaching with the so call bloody day and black atare? They could only fill twenty water-skins. Therefore, if you give me what you guaranteed in your covenants and sworn testimonies, I will come to your town. It is said that immediately after the martyrdom of Imam Hussain Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anho, blood actually rained down from the sky. [153] According to Rasul Jafarian, the Shia historian, fatalism, being promoted by Mu'awiya, caused Husayn's move to never be considered an uprising against corruption by the Sunnis, and they only considered it an illegal insurrection (Fitna).[157]. Husayn ibn Ali | Biography, Death, & Significance | Britannica There is, of course, the physical suffering in martyrdom, and all sorrow and suffering claim our sympathy - the dearest, purest, most out-flowing sympathy that we can give. [203] Urdu poet Ghalib compares Husayn's suffering with that of Mansur al-Hallaj, a tenth century Sufi, who was executed on a charge of claiming divinity. It is also narrated that Ali knew that Husayn would be killed in Karbala, and when he passed by this area, he stopped and cried, remembering Muhammad's prophecy. 8. II, p. 221; 189 [History of the Caliphs]. Ibn Nusayr seized the bloodied cloak and retreated. In October 685, Mukhtar and his supporters seized Kufa. The report was favorable, and he decided to go. According to the reports, commonly accepted by Shia, she was the daughter of Yazdegerd III, the last Sassanid king of Iran to be captured during the Arab conquest. If you see a green icon like this (), it means you're already logged in! Sunni commentators such as Fakhr al-Razi and Ibn Kathir have also referred to this issue. A. Yusuf Ali. [34] Madelung believes that Husayn did not recognize this treaty at first, but pressed by Hasan, accepted it. Present in both Sunni and Shia sources on basis of the hadith: "al-asan and al-usayn are the, "In a distant age and climate, the tragic scene of the death of Husein will awaken the sympathy of the coldest reader.". if ( blp_cancelWowEffect || blp_isSafari ) { // blp_isSafari vars comes from the global js variable defined at blp-js-library.js Mecca, the center of the old Arabian pilgrimage, the birthplace of the Prophet, rejected the Prophet's teaching and cast him off. It covers day to day World Affairs, Politics & News. [103] Then I will very briefly refer to the actual events that happened in that fateful Muharram and finally to draw your attention to the great lessons which we can learn from them. With the tyrants of the time blurring the lines between right and wrong, Imam Hussain vowed to sacrifice his life and the lives of his family and companions in order to enjoin good and forbid evil, which also . Later on, when Mu'awiya was taking allegiance for his son, Yazid, Husayn was among the five prominent persons who did not give his allegiance,[18] as appointing a successor was in violation of Hasan's peace treaty with Mu'awiya. As soon as he entered the battlefield, Umar bin Sa'd bin Nafaill Azdi attacked him viciously from behind. Nouri Sardar 11th September 2018 Advertise on TMV The city of Karbala has a rich history that is both beautiful and tragic, beginning with the slaughter of Imam Hussain, his companions, and family by the army of Omar ibn Sa'ad as commanded by the Caliph of the time, Yazid ibn Muawiyah. [k][107], Husayn ibn Ali's tomb is located in the city of Karbala, about 90km southwest of Baghdad. Who Hussain (R.A) commanded that people of Kufa invited him as the people needed an Imam.
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