https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103085p, Article 2012; Wolf 2015). Biodynamics in the vines. 2005), which is in line with the findings of Parpinello et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2020.1822980, Article Capuano et al. However, BD treatment showed a significantly higher content of primary amino acids in healthy berries during maturation compared to the integrated treatment. Pergola et al. [2] Our qualitative remarks referred to the last category. However, as regards soil microbial biomass C/N ratio (Cmic-to-Nmic), which is an indicator of biological soil fertility (Sparling 1992; Stockfisch et al. Biodynamic farming is on the rise - but how effective is this A system thinking perspective on BD agriculture, as well as for other forms of agriculture, has to be conceptualized, and may serve as a basis for future research. The authors declare no competing interests. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0615451. 2010; Fonseca Maciel et al. This is in contrast with Giannattasio et al. USDA, 1938, 1957, 1987) and elsewhere. In terms of types and abundance of communities of fungal species in juice, Morrison-Whittle et al. While this is a common outcome of much research comparing yields of BD agriculture and also organic farming in many productive sectors, it is worth mentioning that higher yields are more often than not a result of higher input use which comes with a monetary but also with an energy and an ecological cost, as is more extensively remarked in the section below. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.022, Forster D, Andres C, Verma R et al (2013) Yield and economic performance of organic and conventional cotton-based farming systemsresults from a field trial in India. The results of pairwise comparison are shown in Table 5. Biodynamic farming is a form of alternative agriculture that takes an ecological and ethical approach to farming, food, and gardening. The combined effects of biodiversity management and nutrient cycling practices in BD agroecosystems seem to hold the potential to enhance soil microbioma. (2019), limited analysis of how technological, political, and financial factors interact has been performed, and the evaluation of agroecosystem factors is complicated by their high dependence on the environmental and social conditions in which they are applied (Marten 1988). 2010). Finally, the comparison between organic and conventional farming showed that 19 observations found in favor of organic and two in favor of conventional agriculture. Agric Ecosyst Environ 104:399417. Copyright Integrated and Organic Farming Agric Syst 104:217232. Even though the BD method is not in widespread use around the world, these aspects, combined with potential impacts on biodiversity and overall sustainability, make the BD method an interesting option for agroecosystem management. Van Bruggen et al. J. https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/38129/. The abandonment of manipulative techniques such as hybrid breeding, the consideration of biodynamic cultivation measures, and an orientation towards ripeness, vitality and taste are essential charac-teristics of biodynamic plant breeding. Open access funding provided by Universit degli Studi di Firenze within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2011.09.020, Botelho RV, Roberti R, Tessarin P et al (2016) Physiological responses of grapevines to biodynamic management. Among them, studies regarding arable cropping systems confirm that mean crop yields in BD farming are lower than those of conventional systems (Mder et al. Only eight showed significant differences between organic and conventional systems, and no differences were found between organic and BD systems. 2.6 Food for health and well-being Biodynamic farming should produce food and feedstuffs Biodynamic Agriculture: A Valuable Alternative to the Industrial Agric Syst 24:95117, Curran MA (2008) Life-Cycle Assessment. Sci Public Policy 40:354365. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Novel approaches and practices to sustainable agriculture Even then farmers were noticing a decrease in the vitality and the keeping-power of their seeds due to the use of chemical fertilizers. Moreover, it is critical to take a systemic approach to investigating similar subjects. The phenomenon we now identify as the organic movement arose in the early twentieth century as agriculture started to become more industrialised and synthetic fertiliser was introduced. (2007) found that soil pH, total soil N, and soil organic carbon are higher in BD systems as compared to conventional systems. Biodynamic agriculture (BD agriculture) was presented as an alternative form of agriculture by the philosopher Rudolf Steiner (Steiner 1924) and is nowadays considered one of the forms of organic agriculture. All possible combinations of the terms biodynamic, bio-dynamic, agriculture, and farming were used for the literature search and no other search terms were considered as we wanted to focus exclusively on studies aimed specifically at BD agriculture. Lagricoltura biologica in Italia. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM Organics International, Frick and Bonn, Wittmayer J, Schpke N (2014) Action, research and participation: roles of researchers in sustainability transitions. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170515000320, Brouwer H, Woodhill AJ, Hemmati M, et al (2016) The MSP guide: how to design and facilitate multi-stakeholder partnerships, Capuano E, Van der Veer G, Boerrigter-Eenling R et al (2014) Verification of fresh grass feeding, pasture grazing and organic farming by cows farm milk fatty acid profile. (2019) argued that the health conditions of all organisms in an ecosystem are interconnected through the cycling of subsets of microbial communities from the environment (in particular the soil) to plants, animals, and humans. Renew Agric Food Syst 27:242250. Demeter labelling, production and processing standard, Dring J, Frisch M, Tittmann S, Stoll M, Kauer R (2015) Growth, yield and fruit quality of grapevines under organic and biodynamic management. Budapest, Hungary (in Spanish), von Bertalanffy L (1968) General systems theory as integrating factor in contemporary science. Biodynamic viticulture in the Americas | JancisRobinson.com Biodynamic farming- A step towards sustainability July 2020 Authors: Sudip Chowdhury Ananya Chakraborty Lovely Professional University Rajarshi Banerjee Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Sritama. Organic and BD treatments were statistically indistinguishable from one another, and the additional input of BD preparations did not affect the fungal composition or richness as compared to the organic treatment. (2013) considered economic performance in a cotton-soybean-wheat crop rotation in India. BD farms usually maintain vegetative buffer strips, riparian corridors and hedgerows that provide shelter to pollinators and natural predators. Agri-food is one of the sectors that contributes most to environmental impact in terms of resource depletion, land degradation, gaseous emissions, and waste generation (Cellura et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1071148, Marchetti L, Cattivelli V, Cocozza C et al (2020) Beyond sustainability in food systems: perspectives from agroecology and social innovation. This last aspect could indicate an effect of BD practice on secondary metabolites in lettuce. In comparison to the global total of 71.5 million certified organic hectares, BD farming represents a small niche as it covers only 0.35% of the land in question (Paull and Hennig 2020). Weed Sci 65:7382. As reported by Willer et al. Perspective The first studies specifically focusing on the BD method were carried out between the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, while the most recent peer-reviewed research into BD agriculture was published by Turinek et al. 2009). The results of the literature review showed that the BD method enhances soil quality and biodiversity, while no conclusion can be drawn regarding the socio-economic sustainability and food quality of BD products; further efforts needing to be made to implement knowledge of these aspects. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01302-y, Comeau A, Langevin F, Caetano VR, et al (2008) A systemic approach for the development of FHB resistant germplasm accelerates genetic progress. Biodynamic farming- A step towards sustainability - ResearchGate Based on the outcomes of the experiment in Therwil, Switzerland (Table 2, Therwil-1), the authors conclude that organically manured, legume-based crop rotations utilizing organic fertilizers from the farm itself are a realistic alternative to conventional farming systems. Horticultural Research Station Jan 2006 N Selvaraj B Anita B Anusha. Abstract Biodynamic farming and objective farming both are similar as they are ecologically oriented and don't use chemical fertilizers. We have in any case reported the results of organic/conventional comparisons in BD agriculture publications as a reference for other comparisons within the set of publications analyzed in this article. However, two studies not included in our selection suggest that preparation 500 could have the potential to stimulate plant growth (Spaccini et al. This is in accordance with other studies (Alaphilippe et al. Forster et al. In this study, the BD farms had statistically significant higher yields in tomatoes and cucumbers as compared to the organic farms. A revitalisation of European farming and the promise of the biodynamic Soil quality plays a vital role in providing ecosystem services, e.g., by regulating nutrient and water cycles and providing habitat for soil biodiversity (Adhikari and Hartemink 2016 ; Greiner et al . PubMed https://doi.org/10.1080/19474199.2011.593874, Simon HA (1962) The architecture of complexity. Biodynamic farming is the forerunner of organic farming or a subset of it. (2016) also assessed physiological responses of grapevines to BD management and provided evidence of a strong stimulation effect of natural defence compounds in grape plants grown with BD preparations 500, 500K, fladen, and 501. The objective of the present manuscript is to critically review international scientific literature on biodynamic agriculture as published in highly ranked journals and to assess its performance. 2020). Giannattasio et al. cookies. conditions, use of When considering yields, the organic and BD systems had a reduced overall footprint per product unit and increased ecological efficiency of production. Indeed, nutrient input, energy, and pesticide were reduced by 34%, 53%, and 97%, respectively, in the organic systems, whereas mean crop yield was only 20% lower, indicating more efficient production. Concepts, Principles, and Application of Biodynamic Farming: a Review Other studies not included in our selection confirmed that nutritional properties, in particular the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in strawberries, mangoes, and grapes from BD farming as compared to conventional (respectively, DEvoli et al. They found that BD management led to an increase in leaf enzymatic activities of chitinase and -1,3-glucanase as compared with organic management. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61678-X, Kauer R (1994) Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum integrierten und kologischen Weinbau in den ersten drei Jahren der Umstellung: Ergebnisse von 12 Standorten im Anbaugebiet Rheinhessen bei den Rebsorten Mller-Thurgau und Riesling. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5106.344, Rete Rurale Nazionale 20142020 (2019) Bioreport 20172018. (2017) confirmed that, due to the soil management techniques used, the BD system fixed about 45% of the total CO2 produced in the production cycle, with specific reference to soil. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Linder C, Viret O, Spring JL, Droz P, Dupuis D (2006) Viticulture intgre et bio-organique: synthse de sept ans dobservations. It also includes elements . 1999), a treatment with compost and BD preparations reported lower performances as compared to a conventional manured system. A decrease of environmental burden due to production activities measured with LCA was observed for BD viticulture in North-West Spain (Villanueva-Rey et al. In: OIV World Congress. of biodynamic farming, elaborating on the biodynamic preparations and practices, the effects they have on the human psyche, and whether they contribute to today's environmental ideology. "Biodynamic farming, originating from Rudolf Steiner's philosophy, takes organic principles a step further by considering the farm as a living organism," O'Neil says. In terms of number of studies, wine is the most common product to feature in BD food quality literature. The relevance of targeted journals of BD agriculture studies was considered in terms of impact factor (IF) by dividing the publications into three categories: publications in journals with (i) 02. In an experiment conducted in Italy, the antiradical activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) proved to be higher under BD than under conventional systems (Heimler et al. (2017) in a study of ten BD and organic greenhouses in Southern Germany. J Sci Food Agric 92:551556. Wiley, New York, Morin E (1993) Introduzione al pensiero complesso. Biodynamic farming and organic agriculture have many common . [1] [2] It was the first of the organic farming movements. J Clean Prod 142:40594071. 2010; Perry 1997), it is important that the experimental design includes large plots ensuring adequate replication in trials to avoid methodological spatial problems linked to heterogeneity of site-specific conditions. Doctoral dissertation, Justus-Liebig-Universitt Gieen, Latour B (1999) Pandoras hope: Essays on the reality of science studies. Moreover, BD farms showed a lower N use efficiency (NUE) and significantly lower concentrations of soil available P. These imbalances were also confirmed by Mayer et al. The document types considered were articles and reviews published in English in scientific journals with impact factor.
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